Junagarh Fort, Bikaner – History, Museums & Must-See Attractions

Junagarh Fort, located in Bikaner, Rajasthan, is one of India’s most well-preserved and magnificent forts. Unlike many other forts in Rajasthan that are built on hilltops, Junagarh Fort stands on flat land, making its strong fortifications and architectural grandeur even more remarkable.

Built in 1594 AD by Raja Rai Singh, a general in Emperor Akbar’s army, Junagarh Fort is known for its ornate palaces, beautiful courtyards, intricate carvings, and well-preserved museums that showcase Bikaner rich history. The fort has never been conquered, a testament to its strong defenses and strategic design.

This guide covers the history, architecture, must-visit attractions, and museum collections inside Junagarh Fort, ensuring you make the most of your visit.

In This Blog

History of Junagarh Fort

Junagarh Fort was originally called Chintamani Fort but was later renamed Junagarh, meaning “Old Fort,” when the ruling family moved to the Lalgarh Palace.

Construction & Rulers

Built between 1589 and 1594 AD under the reign of Raja Rai Singh, the sixth ruler of Bikaner.
Raja Rai Singh was a commander in Emperor Akbar’s army and received land and wealth for his military services.
Successive rulers expanded and beautified the fort with Mughal, Rajput, and Gujarati architectural styles.

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Interesting Facts About Junagarh Fort

The fort has never been captured by invaders, despite multiple attacks.
It houses some of the best-preserved palaces in Rajasthan, decorated with gold leaf work, Italian tiles, and glasswork.
Junagarh Fort played a vital role in Bikaner’s defense against Mughal, Maratha, and British forces.

Architecture of Junagarh Fort

Junagarh Fort is a magnificent example of Rajput and Mughal architectural fusion. The fort has high walls, massive gates, and beautiful palaces adorned with intricate carvings and mirror work.

Key Features of Junagarh Fort’s Architecture

Built with red sandstone and marble from Rajasthan.
Massive ramparts and bastions for protection.
Seven grand entrances leading into different sections.
A blend of Rajput, Mughal, and European designs, showcasing different influences over centuries.

Best Things to See Inside Junagarh Fort

Junagarh Fort houses numerous palaces, temples, and museums that reflect the glory and opulence of Bikaner’s rulers. Here are the top attractions inside the fort:

1. Karan Mahal – The Grand Audience Hall

Built by Maharaja Karan Singh (1680-1698) as a public audience hall.
Features intricately carved marble pillars and stunning mirror work.
Once used by Bikaner’s rulers to meet visitors and nobles.

2. Phool Mahal – The Palace of Flowers

One of the most beautifully decorated rooms in the fort.
Adorned with gold leaf designs, mirror work, and colorful paintings.
Used as a private relaxation chamber for the king.

3. Anup Mahal – The Durbar Hall

A stunning multi-story palace, known for its gold-plated walls, wooden ceilings, and ornate balconies.
Served as the courtroom of the Maharajas, where important decisions were made.
Features intricate glasswork, mirror decorations, and carved wooden doors.

4. Badal Mahal – The Palace of Clouds

Named for its paintings depicting clouds and rain, a rare theme in the desert city of Bikaner.
Contains frescoes, blue-colored walls, and Mughal-style ceiling designs.
Designed to create a cooling effect in the harsh desert climate.

5. Chandra Mahal – The Moon Palace

The most luxurious palace inside Junagarh Fort.
Features gold-plated artwork, glass panels, and beautiful marble carvings.
Private chambers used by the Maharaja and royal family.

6. Hawa Mahal – The Palace of Winds

Built for royal ladies to observe daily activities outside the fort.
Features intricate lattice windows and jharokhas, similar to Jaipur’s Hawa Mahal.

7. Ganga Mahal – Home to Bikaner’s War History

Houses the Fort Museum, which displays weapons, manuscripts, and artifacts from Rajasthan’s royal history.
Includes British-era war trophies, antique guns, and Maharaja’s belongings.

Junagarh Fort Museum – A Must-Visit Collection

The museum inside Junagarh Fort showcases a priceless collection of historical artifacts, weapons, manuscripts, and royal treasures.

Key Exhibits at Junagarh Fort Museum

Royal Palanquins & Thrones – Used by Bikaner’s Maharajas.
Ancient Weapons – Including swords, daggers, and cannons.
Handwritten Sanskrit & Persian Manuscripts – Rare historical records.
Royal Costumes & Jewelry – Belonging to the rulers of Bikaner.
Paintings & Murals – Showcasing Rajasthan’s rich heritage.

Temples Inside Junagarh Fort

The fort complex also has two historic temples, dedicated to the royal deities of Bikaner.

1. Har Mandir – The Royal Family’s Personal Temple

Dedicated to Lord Krishna and Goddess Lakshmi.
The royal family performed prayers and religious ceremonies here.
Features beautiful marble carvings and traditional Rajasthani paintings.

2. Ratan Behari Temple – A Blend of Hindu & Mughal Architecture

Built in 1899 by Maharaja Ganga Singh.
A fine example of Rajputana and Mughal-style temple architecture.

Timings, Entry Fee & Best Time to Visit

Details	Information
Fort Timings	10:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Museum Timings	10:00 AM – 4:30 PM
Entry Fee (Indians)	₹50 per person
Entry Fee (Foreigners)	₹300 per person
Camera Charges	₹100 for photography, ₹200 for videography
Best Time to Visit	October to March (Winter season)

Tip: Visit during morning hours to avoid the afternoon heat and crowds.

How to Reach Junagarh Fort?

Junagarh Fort is centrally located in Bikaner and is easily accessible by road.

By Air: Nearest airport: Nal Airport (Bikaner) (17 km from the fort)
Travel By Train: Nearest railway station: Bikaner Junction (2 km away)
By Road: Connected via NH11, frequent buses and taxis available from Jaipur, Jodhpur, and Delhi.

Nearby Attractions in Bikaner

After exploring Junagarh Fort, you can also visit:

Lalgarh Palace – A stunning red sandstone palace (4 km)
Karni Mata Temple – The famous rat temple (30 km)
National Research Centre on Camels – A unique camel farm (8 km)

Conclusion – Why Visit Junagarh Fort?

Junagarh Fort is one of Rajasthan’s most well-preserved forts, offering visitors a glimpse into the grandeur of Bikaner’s royal history. With its intricate palaces, fascinating museums, stunning artwork, and historic temples, it is a must-visit destination for history lovers and architecture enthusiasts.

Best for: History buffs, photographers, and culture lovers
Duration: Spend 2-3 hours exploring the fort and museum
Must-See: Anup Mahal, Karan Mahal, and the Museum’s ancient weapons collection

If you are visiting Bikaner, don’t miss the chance to experience the magnificence of Junagarh Fort!

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Junagarh Fort, Bikaner – History, Museums & What to See